When you type a question into Google and hit Enter, you're talking to one of the world's smartest computer programs. These computer programs are called search engine algorithms, and they are the secret formula for discovering the most suitable answer out of billions of web pages.
Imagine the internet as a never-ending and continually increasing library. The algorithm is like a magical librarian with superpowers who knows the exact book for you to read in no time. It is not just a single principle; instead, a vast set of principles is working as one.
Here is the simple breakdown of the magic that happens in milliseconds.
A search engine performs these three essential steps to show you the results:
The search engine first discovers the pages that are on the internet.
By whom: The task is done by specialized automated programs called crawlers or spiders (Googlebot, for instance) that are sent out.
Their Actions: These bots navigate through the web like you do by following links from one page to another. Moreover, they are always on the lookout for new pages or old pages with new content.
Crawling is the method through which the search engine discovers the content. It unravels everything on the page—text, images, and code—and stocks it for the next process.
The first phase of the process, crawling, brings the maximum quantity of data to the engine's storage facility where it will be sorted and archived—this is the crawling.
What it is: The index is a gigantic database where all the collected data is arranged in a systematic way. It's like the main catalogue for the whole internet.
How it works: Then, the algorithm goes through the page content and finds out its topic, keywords, and place; and after that, it puts this info into the index.
When searching, the search engine does not scan through the entire internet; it only looks at its index. If a particular page does not exist in this index, it will not be shown in the search results.
This is the key step: determining the order in which the results will be displayed to you.
What it is: Ranking is the collection of criteria that identifies which pages best suit your search and should come first.
How it works: The moment you enter a query; the algorithm promptly scans the index and applies hundreds of factors (ranking signals) to determine two major things:
Relevance: How accurately does the page respond to your question?
Quality: Is the information reliable and useful?
The algorithm's mission is to decipher what you really mean to do, get informed, buy something, or locate a place and lead you to the very best page suited for that purpose.
Although the algorithms apply more than two hundred different factors, they primarily concentrate on four. A website that excels in these four areas will usually be at the top of the ranking.
The search engine needs to ensure that the content is relevant to your query.
Keyword Match: Is the page using the exact words you have written?
Context: Today's algorithms are quite intelligent. If you search "apple pie recipe," the engine knows you want the instructions for cooking and not a historical lesson about apples. It understands the meaning behind your words.
A good answer is no good if it is given from an untrustworthy source.
Backlinks: It's like a vote of confidence. If a high-quality and well-known website links to your page, the algorithm looks at it as a recommendation. The more quality "votes" a page gets, the more authoritative it becomes.
Reputation: The age and track record of the website are very important.
The page has to be better than all other pages.
Depth: Does the page cover the topic entirely? Is the information accurate, and is it written well?
Freshness: For topics that rapidly change (like news or tech), the algorithm favors content that has been recently published or updated.
Originality: The content must be original and not plagiarized from other sources.
A page that is hard to read or takes a long time to load is going to frustrate the users and, in turn, the algorithm will give it a lower ranking.
Speed: How fast does the page load on your machine? Every second is very important.
Mobile-Friendly: Is the website readable and usable on your phone? Most people use phones when browsing the internet, thus this has become a huge factor.
Security: Is the website safe to visit (does it have HTTPS)?
Search engine algorithms are not set in stone. They are constantly being updated and improved.
Major search engines with Google on top of the list, release thousands of minor updates and a handful of major core updates annually.
What's the reason for that?
The end result is that the algorithms are aimed at rewarding the best, most useful, and most user-friendly content on the internet. That's the straightforward secret behind search functionality!
So, there you have it! The next time you do an online search, keep in mind the three fundamental steps that occur behind the scenes: Crawling (discovery), Indexing (filing) and Ranking (sorting).
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